Speaker
Description
Planning of interplanetary missions makes it urgent to search for indicators that not only reflect the state of gravity-dependent systems in space flight, but also enable to predict the level of functional reserves of the organism after staying in weightlessness. Physical performance of crewmembers can be a limiting factor for successful fulfillment of mission tasks. We have proposed the concept of mosaic reproduction of the Earth gravity effects in the conditions of space flight in order to counteract negative rearrangements of physiological systems.
The purpose of the space experiment was to describe the regularities of modulation of human organism adaptation to weightlessness conditions by mosaic reproduction of gravity effects.
The results of 13 semi-annual ISS missions and one annual flight were analyzed. All cosmonauts signed a voluntary informed consent to participate in the experiment. The average age of the astronauts was 44 ± 7 years. Body mass index in the studied group of astronauts averaged 27.4 ± 4.1 kg/m2. Statistical processing of the data was performed in the programs “Statistica 12”, “SPSS 21.0” (IBM, USA) and “Minitab 19.1” (USA) and included construction of distributions, determination of normality of distributions by the Shapiro-Wilk method, calculation of individual mean values and dispersion of indicators (one-way ANOVA).
In space flights of different duration and at the early stage of re-adaptation to Earth conditions the regularities of functional reserve activation and energy supply of muscular activity in response to physical loading have been described. The cosmonaut's ability to incorporate functional reserves of the organism after a long space flight can be predicted with the pulse sum of recovery in the standard locomotor test at the final stage of the mission.
The pulse sum of recovery after the locomotor test at the final stage of the flight is a prognostic sign of the state of functional reserves in the post-flight period, higher values of the pulse sum of recovery are accompanied by a lower level of physical performance and vice versa, low values of this indicator are a favorable predictor of the level of physical performance after the flight.
The electromyogram signal of m.soleus while performing running and walking changed toward decreasing complexity and increasing regularity in both semiannual flights and annual missions. The entropy of the electromyogram signal is proposed as a promising parameter for noninvasive diagnostics of changes in the neuromuscular system for medical support of long-duration space missions.
Approaches to monitoring the level of functional reserves of gravity-dependent human systems in accordance with the new paradigm of preparation for deep space exploration have been improved. Mosaic reproduction of gravity effects in space flight conditions to counteract negative rearrangements of physiological systems allows to provide the necessary level of functional reserves for successful performance of model mission tasks, in particular running and walking in the early postflight period.
The work was supported by funding from Roscosmos State Corporation and funding under a government assignment (FMFR-2024-0037).