9th IAA PLANETARY DEFENSE CONFERENCE 2025

● Current and proposed space missions to inform and test planetary defense technologies
● Highlights of Hera, Hayabusa2#, OSIRIS-REx/APEX, NEO Surveyor, Apophis, etc.

● Policy planning and developments towards an international planetary defense strategy
● National and international activities, strategies and plans for planetary defense
● Proposal for International Year of Asteroid Awareness and Planetary Defence in 2029, on the occasion of
close-approach of asteroid Apophis: ideas for campaign

● Current NEO survey progress, requirements, and goals for future surveys
● Astronomical and space-based techniques for discovery of NEOs
● Prospects for future NEO survey systems and efforts (e.g., LSST, NEO Surveyor)

● Findings related to characterizing NEO physical, dynamical, and orbital properties.
● Characterization of properties most crucial to planetary defense mission success and disaster preparation
and mitigation planning.
● Technologies to characterize NEOs via remote sensing and spacecraft flyby/rendezvous/landing.
● Current and planned flight missions to NEOs; Opportunities from NEO close approaches.

● Results of modeling/experimentation that characterize effects of proposed NEO deflection and disruption
techniques and technologies
● Progress on key technologies needed to deflect, disrupt, or otherwise mitigate hazardous NEOs

● Development and validation of critical technologies for planetary defense.
● Designs for planetary defense flight validation missions.
● Rapid response NEO reconnaissance mission concepts.
● Design of in-space mission campaigns to respond to hazardous NEOs (reconnaissance, characterization,
mitigation).

● Hazards of individual impactors; ensemble hazard integrated over the predicted population of impactors
● Analysis tools that could aid decision makers.
● Process of atmospheric break-up and airbursts for a variety of NEO types and lessons learned based on
Tunguska and Chelyabinsk super-bolides
● Transition from regional to global effects as a function of impactor size, location, and other factors.
● New results on the effects of ocean and land NEO impacts and related damage footprints.
● Short- and long-term post-impact effects on the atmosphere, environment, near-Earth space and space
systems (e.g., communications)

● Lessons learned from past natural disaster responses, exercises, alerts, public education, risk
communications strategies and warnings, and their application to Planetary Defense Management.
● Review of current and near-future disaster response plans and preparations specific to NEO impacts, incl.
communication strategies for warning and informing decision makers, the general public and others.
● International perspective on disaster management in view of regional and national assets.

● Outlook on current and future national and international planetary defense / NEO-response policies and
decision-making processes, including any envisioned participation of nations’ defense sector in
planetary defense.
● International coordination and collaboration, and distribution of responsibilities for planetary defense.
● Legal aspects of NEO mitigation.
● Cost effectiveness of mitigation options.
● Short and long term economic, political, and social consequences of a serious threat or an impact
● Ethics of Planetary Defense.

● Current status of planetary defense / NEO-related communication and public education efforts, including
dissemination, alerts, public engagement, student programs, outreach initiatives, etc.
● Concepts for improving trusted NEO / planetary defense public education and communication.