Speaker
Description
Planetary defense, the protection of Earth from hazardous Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) such as asteroids and comets, has emerged as a critical interdisciplinary challenge that intersects space technology, international law, and global cooperation. Current frameworks like the Outer Space Treaty (1967) \cite{dembling1967evolution} and its associated conventions establish principles for the peaceful use of space but offer limited guidance on issues specific to planetary defense. Key challenges include jurisdictional authority over deflection missions, liability for unintended consequences, and compliance with the treaty’s non-appropriation principle when utilizing deflected asteroid resources. The lack of a robust governance mechanism heightens the risk of unilateral actions or inequitable participation in planetary defense initiatives.
National and regional efforts, including NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office and ESA’s Space Safety Program, have made significant strides in NEO detection and mitigation. However, the global nature of the threat demands a more cohesive and inclusive framework. This includes expanding the role of international organizations such as the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and leveraging existing mechanisms like the International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN) and the Space Mission Planning Advisory Group (SMPAG). Private actors, including SpaceX and Blue Origin, are poised to contribute technological solutions but require appropriate regulatory oversight to ensure alignment with global interests.
To address these gaps, this work advocates for a dedicated planetary defense treaty or enhanced protocols within the Outer Space Treaty, emphasizing transparent data sharing, equitable resource allocation, and clear liability frameworks. A funding model that engages both spacefaring and non-spacefaring nations is essential, as is a commitment to public engagement to ensure societal readiness for planetary defense measures. By integrating policy, law, technology, and public outreach, this research aims to outline a governance model that prioritizes ethical responsibility and global cooperation in safeguarding humanity’s future.